K. Alotaibi, B., Alam Khan, F., Qawqzeh, Y., Jeon, G., and Camacho, D. (2025). Performance and Communication Cost of Deep Neural Networks in Federated Learning Environments: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence, 9(4), 6–17. https://doi.org/10.9781/ijimai.2024.12.001