K. Alotaibi, Basmah, Fakhri Alam Khan, Yousef Qawqzeh, Gwanggil Jeon, and David Camacho. 2025. “Performance and Communication Cost of Deep Neural Networks in Federated Learning Environments: An Empirical Study”. International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence 9 (4):6-17. https://doi.org/10.9781/ijimai.2024.12.001.