De destinatarios a cocreadores: las voces rurales en el diseño de experiencias de Aprendizaje-Servicio virtual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9781/rep.2026.156Palabras clave:
aprendizaje-servicio virtual, rural, comunidad, asociaciones, universidad, co-creaciónResumen
Introducción: Las tecnologías digitales en el aprendizaje-servicio permiten el desarrollo de este enfoque pedagógico en contextos como el rural, lo que implica relaciones comunidad-campus singulares para la educación superior.
Objetivo: Identificar percepciones y consideraciones sobre el proceso de co-creación en las experiencias de aprendizaje-servicio virtual (ApS virtual) entre socios universitarios y rurales, abordando sus características, interacciones y funcionamiento.
Método: Investigación cualitativa exploratoria basada en un enfoque etnometodológico desarrollado a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad. La muestra intencional consistió en 16 participantes, 8 docentes universitarios y 8 socios comunitarios rurales de Italia, Croacia, España, Austria y Eslovaquia con experiencia en cursos virtuales de aprendizaje-servicio. Las entrevistas indagaron sobre las dinámicas de co-creación, los roles, los beneficios, los desafíos, los contextos digitales, las dinámicas de poder y la sostenibilidad, y se analizaron mediante análisis temático.
Resultados: La propuesta inicial para el diseño de experiencias de ApS virtual que involucran la participación rural a menudo comenzó informalmente a través de redes personales, evolucionando hacia procesos estructurados basados en la toma de decisiones compartida, la planificación conjunta y la evaluación de necesidades. Los beneficios incluyeron el empoderamiento de las voces de la comunidad, la alineación del contenido de los cursos con las necesidades de la comunidad, la revitalización de los planes de estudio y una mayor colaboración entre la universidad y la comunidad. Los desafíos incluyeron el acceso digital, las limitaciones de tiempo y las barreras de comunicación. La propiedad se distribuyó a través de la toma de decisiones compartida, fomentando la confianza y el respeto mutuo.
Discusión: Los hallazgos enfatizan las relaciones recíprocas, los comportamientos participativos y las posibilidades de las plataformas digitales. La co-creación en ApS virtual fue considerada una práctica transformadora, que cambió la autoridad epistémica a un proceso relacional y recíproco horizontal. La sostenibilidad del proceso se basa en el compromiso continuo, la confianza y la infraestructura tecnológica, alineándose con los modelos teóricos de co-creación y promoviendo el impacto a largo plazo en la comunidad.
Conclusiones: La co-creación en el ApS virtual potencia la relevancia y el impacto, tanto en los aprendizajes como en el desarrollo rural. Tiene el potencial de fomentar la participación rural, enriquecer el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y alinear los proyectos con las prioridades locales. Las plataformas digitales facilitan la colaboración, pero pueden introducir barreras que deben superarse para garantizar la sostenibilidad.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Alžbeta Brozmanová Gregorová, Irene Culcasi, Nives Mikelic-Preradovic, Berta Paz-Lourido, Rolf Laven, Joan Navarro, Florentine Paudel, Zuzana Heinzová
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