Impact and critical review of music therapy on maternal and child health: benefits and clinical applications during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum.

Abstract

Background. Music therapy, based on the premise that music has a positive impact on mental and physical health, has gained interest in the context of pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum (PPD). The literature suggests that it may reduce stress, improve emotional well-being, and strengthen the mother-infant bond, but a critical review is needed to assess its efficacy at these stages. Objective. This study reviews and analyzes the efficacy of music therapy interventions in PPD, exploring recent advances and limitations in research. Methodology. A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for completed randomized trials ("Trials" [Cochrane], "Clinical Trials" [Pubmed], and "Randomized Controlled Trial" [Pubmed]) published between January 2018 and December 2022. Data were analyzed for methodological quality and relevance of findings. Results. Five relevant trials were identified and reviewed. Findings suggest that music therapy can reduce anxiety, improve pain management, and support mother-infant bonding. However, limitations include variability in interventions, small sample sizes, and lack of standardization of outcome measures. Conclusions. Although music therapy shows potential in PLE, more studies with rigorous designs, standardization of interventions, and long-term evaluations are needed. Current limitations highlight the need for further research to confirm benefits and improve clinical application.